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Electronic data | Thermal data | Steric data | ||
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Shells: 1 Orbitals: 1s1 Electronegativity: 2.2, 2.1 1. Ionization potential: 13.5984 eV 2. Ionization potential: -- eV 3. Ionization potential: -- eV Oxidation states: 1,-1 Electrical conductivity: -- |
Melting point: -255.34 °C Boiling point: -252.87 °C Specific heat: 14.304 J/gK Heat of fusion: 0.05868 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization: 0.44936 kJ/mol Thermal conductivity: 0.001815 W/cmK |
Atomic radius: 0.79 Å Ionic radius: 1.54 Å () Covalent radius: 0.32 Å Atomic volume: 14.4 cm³/mol Density (293 K): 0.00008988 g/cm³ Crystal structure: Hexagonal |
| Legend Pocket calculator |
| Nuclide | Abundance [%] | Mass | Spin | Halflife | Decay mode | Decay tree |
| 1H | 99.984 | 1.0078 | 1/2 | -- | stable | -- |
| 2H | 0.0156 | 2.0141 | 1 | -- | stable | -- |
| 3H | 0 | 3.016 | 1/2 | 12.3y | View |
| Legend |
| Name origin: | Greek: hydro (water) and genes (generate) |
| Description: | Tasteless, colorless, odorless gas. The most abundant element in the universe. Tenth most abundant element in the earth's crust. |
| Discovered by: | Henry Cavendish |
| Year: | 1766 |
| Place: | England |
| Sources: | Commercial quantities are produced by reacting superheated steam with methane or carbon. In lab work from reaction of metals with acid solutions or electrolysis. |
| Use(s): | Most hydrogen is used in the production of ammonia. Also used in balloons and in metal refining. Also used as fuel in rockets. Its two heavier isotopes are: deuterium (D) and tritium (T) used respectively for nuclear fission and fusion. |
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