Electronic data		Thermal data		Steric data
Shells: 2,8,16,2 Orbitals: [Ar] 3d8 4s2 Electronegativity: 1.7, 1.9 1. Ionization potential: 7.6398 eV 2. Ionization potential: 18.168 eV 3. Ionization potential: 35.17 eV Oxidation states: 3,2,0 Electrical conductivity: 0.143 10^6		Melting point: 1453 °C Boiling point: 2913 °C Specific heat: 0.44 J/gK Heat of fusion: 17.470 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization: 370.40 kJ/mol Thermal conductivity: 0.907 W/cmK		Atomic radius: 1.62 Å Ionic radius: 0.69 Å () Covalent radius: 1.15 Å Atomic volume: 6.59 cm³/mol Density (293 K): 8.90 g/cm³ Crystal structure: Cubic: Face centered

Nuclide	Abundance [%]	Mass	Spin	Halflife	Decay mode	Decay tree
56Ni	0	56	0	6.10d	EC	View
57Ni	0	57	3/2	35.6h	EC,+	View
58Ni	67.88	57.9353	0	--	stable	--
59Ni	0	58.934	3/2	7.6E04y	EC	View
60Ni	26.23	59.9308	0	--	stable	--
61Ni	1.19	60.9311	3/2	--	stable	--
62Ni	3.66	61.9283	0	--	stable	--
63Ni	0	62.93	1/2	100y	-	View
64Ni	1.08	63.928	0	--	stable	--
65Ni	0	65	5/2	2.517h	-	View

Legend

Name origin:	German: Kupfernickel (false copper)
Description:	Hard, malleable, silvery-white metal. Found in the earth's crust in portions averaging 70 ppm. It can be polished to a lustrous finish. Virtually no corrosion under normal conditions.
Discovered by:	Axel Cronstedt
Year:	1751
Place:	Sweden
Sources:	Chiefly found in pentlandite [(Ni,Fe)9S8] ore. The metal is produced by heating the ore in a blast furnace which replaces the sulfur with oxygen. The oxides are then treated with an acid that reacts with the iron not the nickel.
Use(s):	Used in electroplating and metal alloys because of its resistance to corrosion. Also in nickel- cadmium batteries; as a catalyst and for coins.