Electronic data		Thermal data		Steric data
Shells: 2,8,18,12,1 Orbitals: [Kr] 4d4 5s1 Electronegativity: 1.2, 1.6 1. Ionization potential: 6.7589 eV 2. Ionization potential: 14.32 eV 3. Ionization potential: 25.04 eV Oxidation states: 5,3 Electrical conductivity: 0.0693 10^6		Melting point: 2468 °C ±10 Boiling point: 4742 °C Specific heat: 0.26 J/gK Heat of fusion: 26.40 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization: 682.0 kJ/mol Thermal conductivity: 0.537 W/cmK		Atomic radius: 2.08 Å Ionic radius: 0.64 Å () Covalent radius: 1.34 Å Atomic volume: 10.87 cm³/mol Density (293 K): 8.57 g/cm³ Crystal structure: Cubic: Body centered

Legend     Pocket calculator

Nuclide	Abundance [%]	Mass	Spin	Halflife	Decay mode	Decay tree
90Nb	0	90	8	14.6h	+,EC	View
91Nb	0	91	9/2	7E02y	EC,+	View
91Nbm	0	91	1/2	62d	IT,EC	View
92Nb	0	92	9/2	3.6E07y	EC	View
92Nbm	0	92	2	10.13d	EC,+	View
93Nb	100	92.9064	9/2	--	stable	--
93Nbm	0	93	1/2	16.1y	IT	View
94Nb	0	93.9057	6	2.0E04y	-	View
94Nbm	0	94	3	6.26m	IT,-	View
95Nb	0	94.9065	9/2	34.97d	-	View
95Nbm	0	95	1/2	3.61d	IT,-	View
96Nb	0	96	6	23.4h	-	View
97Nb	0	97	9/2	1.23h	-	View
97Nbm	0	97	1/2	58.1s	IT	View

Legend

Name origin:	From Niobe; daughter of the mythical Greek king Tantalus
Description:	Shiny white, soft, ductile metal.
Discovered by:	Charles Hatchet
Year:	1801
Place:	England
Sources:	Occurs in a mineral columbite. Formerly known as colombium (Cb). It is used in stainless steel alloys for nuclear reactors, jets and missiles.
Use(s):	Used as an alloy with iron and nickel. It can be used in nuclear reactors and is known to be superconductive when alloyed with tin, aluminum or zirconium.