Electronic data		Thermal data		Steric data
Shells: 2,8,18,25,9,2 Orbitals: [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 Electronegativity: 1.1, -- 1. Ionization potential: 6.1500 eV 2. Ionization potential: 12.095 eV 3. Ionization potential: 20.635 eV Oxidation states: 3 Electrical conductivity: 0.00736 10^6		Melting point: 1313 °C Boiling point: 3273 °C Specific heat: 0.23 J/gK Heat of fusion: 10.050 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization: 359.40 kJ/mol Thermal conductivity: 0.106 W/cmK		Atomic radius: 2.54 Å Ionic radius: 1.05 Å () Covalent radius: 1.61 Å Atomic volume: 19.9 cm³/mol Density (293 K): 7.895 g/cm³ Crystal structure: Hexagonal

Nuclide	Abundance [%]	Mass	Spin	Halflife	Decay mode	Decay tree
148Gd	0	147.918	0	75y		View
150Gd	0	149.919	0	1.8E06y		View
152Gd	0.2	151.92	0	1.1E14y		View
153Gd	0	153	3/2	241.6d	EC	View
154Gd	2.15	153.921	0	--	stable	--
155Gd	14.73	154.923	3/2	--	stable	--
156Gd	20.47	155.922	0	--	stable	--
157Gd	15.68	156.934	3/2	--	stable	--
158Gd	24.87	157.924	0	--	stable	--
159Gd	0	159	1/2	18.6h	-	View
160Gd	21.9	159.927	0	--	stable	--
162Gd	0	162	0	8.4m	-	View

Legend

Name origin:	Named after the mineral gadolinite.
Description:	Soft, ductile, silvery-white metal.
Discovered by:	Jean de Marignac
Year:	1880
Place:	Switzerland
Sources:	Found with other rare earths in gadolinite and monazite sand.
Use(s):	Used in steel alloying agents and the manufacture of electronic components.